The true reason for the development of fenestrated leaves in the Monstera genus and in other plants, like the Madagascar laceleaf and in other Araceae genera, is not fully understood. Still, there are many theories and possibilities that experts have put forward.
The first and most commonly suggested possibility is related to absorbing necessary resources, such as sunlight and water. A Monstera’s large leaves may make it difficult for water to flow down to the plant’s roots and may also shade the plant’s other portions from much-needed sunlight. Fenestrations allow water and sunlight to both reach other areas of the plant.
The second theory is that these perforations can assist the plant in keeping cool by distributing heat and producing better turbulence and circulation. Finally, it has also been suggested that fenestration is a defense mechanism against herbivores. Supposedly, the leaves will look less enticing to hungry animals, thus preventing them from getting eaten.
Next, there is a theory that fenestration helps to reduce growth rate variations in Monstera plants. This is supported by the fact that fenestrations do not develop until a leaf is more mature and has access to all the nutrients it needs, which is when the plant may be at risk of growing unevenly.
Finally, another potential reason for fenestrations in Monstera plants has to do with preventing and resisting wind damage. Again, this is not highly likely because these plants do not naturally grow in windy conditions. Still, if true, the holes in a Monstera’s leaves will allow for airflow through them, thus preventing or reducing the risk of tearing and uprooting.
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